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Cancer is the second leading cause of death by disease in the United States, exceeded only by heart disease. Traditionally cancer has been treated with surgery, chemotherapy, hormones and radiation therapy, alone or in combination. Emerging technologies include photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, biological therapy (immunotherapy) and angiogenesis inhibitors. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are investing billions of dollars to search out and develop weapons for the arsenal in the war against cancer. This TriMark Publications report provides an overview of the global market for cancer therapeutics. The examination focuses on the efforts of biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical firms to incorporate new technologies for developing anti-cancer drugs into their corporate strategies. This study examines cancer therapeutic products now on the market, as well as those currently under development that might be commercialized in the near future. Additionally, the report profiles a number of firms that are actively involved in marketing and developing of products to be used in the treatment of cancer-both large multinational corporations. The analysis also provides an overview of the disease and data on cancers by site or type. It provides incidence and mortality data for different types of the disease. In addition, the report provides a summary of each of the therapies that are being used to treat cancer.

1. 1. Overview 5
2. 1.1 Introduction 5
3. 1.2 Goals and Objectives 6
4. 1.3 Study, Scope and Format 6
5. 1.4 Methodology 6
6. 1.5 Summary of Major Findings 8
8. 2. Introduction to the Cancer Therapeutic Market 10
10. 3. Cancer Therapeutics Market Overview 18
11. 3.1 Cancer Therapeutics in the Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industry 18
12. 3.2 Business Analysis of the Cancer Market 25
13. 3.2.1 Growth Potential 25
14. 3.2.2 Demographics of Cancer 26
15. 3.2.3 The Global Market for Cancer Therapies 26
16. 3.2.3.1 European Cancer Market 28
17. 3.2.3.2 The Environment in the U.K. for Clinical Research into New Anti-Cancer Therapies 30
18. 3.2.3.3 The Suitability of Current U.K. and E.U. Regulatory Regimes 30
19. 3.2.3.4 Comments on the Current E.U. Regulatory Environment 31
20. 3.3 The Pharmaceutical Industry 32
21. 3.4 Cancer Therapies 33
22. 3.4.1 Market Size 33
23. 3.5 New Product Trends 35
24. 3.5.1 Chemotherapy 35
25. 3.5.2 Hormone Therapy 40
26. 3.5.3 Photodynamic Therapy and Photosensitizers 41
27. 3.5.4 Gene Therapy 41
28. 3.5.4.1 Tumor-Suppressor Gene Therapy 42
29. 3.5.4.2 Immunomodulatory Gene Therapy 42
30. 3.5.4.3 Suicide Gene Therapy 42
31. 3.5.5 Radiation Therapy 43
32. 3.5.6 Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitors (FTIs) 44
33. 3.5.7 Genetic Screening 44
34. 3.5.8 Biological Therapies 45
35. 3.5.9 Interferons 46
36. 3.5.10 Interleukins 46
37. 3.5.11 Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) 46
38. 3.5.12 Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSFs) 46
39. 3.5.13 Monoclonal Antibodies (MAbs) 47
40. 3.5.14 Cancer Vaccines 48
41. 3.5.15 Anti-Sense Therapy 50
42. 3.5.16 Adjuvants 50
43. 3.5.17 Angiogenesis Inhibitors 51
44. 3.5.18 Hyperthermia 53
45. 3.5.19 Transplants 53
46. 3.5.19.1 Bone Marrow Transplants 53
47. 3.5.19.2 Stem Cell Transplants 53
49. 4. The Disease of Cancer 56
50. 4.1 Incidence of Cancer 56
51. 4.1.1 U.S. Statistics 56
52. 4.1.2 Global Statistics 58
53. 4.2 Causes of Cancer 61
54. 4.3 Risk Factors 62
55. 4.3.1 Smoking 63
56. 4.3.2 Diet 63
57. 4.3.3 Radiation 63
58. 4.3.4 Occupational Risks 64
59. 4.3.5 Medicine and Infection 65
60. 4.3.6 Environmental Pollution 65
61. 4.3.7 Reproductive Factors 65
62. 4.3.8 Socio-Economic Factors 65
63. 4.4 Cancer Costs 66
65. 5. Specific Cancers 67
66. 5.1 Bladder Cancer 67
67. 5.1.1 Overview of the Disease 67
68. 5.1.2 Diagnosis and Staging 68
69. 5.1.3 Therapy 68
70. 5.1.4 Test for Bladder Cancer Analyzes DNA in Urine 70
71. 5.1.5 Drugs in Development 71
72. 5.2 Brain Cancer 71
73. 5.2.1 Overview of the Disease 71
74. 5.2.2 Treatment Options 72
75. 5.3 Breast Cancer 73
76. 5.3.1 Overview of the Disease 73
77. 5.3.2 Therapeutic Drugs 74
78. 5.3.3 Market Overview for Breast Cancer Therapeutics 89
79. 5.4 Cervical Cancer 91
80. 5.4.1 Overview of the Disease 91
81. 5.4.2 Treatment Options 92
82. 5.5 Colon Cancer 94
83. 5.5.1 Overview of the Disease 94
84. 5.5.2 Treatment Options 94
85. 5.5.3 Market Overview for Colon Cancer Therapeutics 100
86. 5.6 Leukemia 101
87. 5.6.1 Overview of the Disease 101
88. 5.6.2 Treatment Options 102
89. 5.7 Lymphoma 108
90. 5.7.1 Overview of the Disease 108
91. 5.7.2 Treatment Options 108
92. 5.8 Lung Cancer 112
93. 5.8.1 Overview of the Disease 113
94. 5.8.2 Treatment Options 113
95. 5.8.3 Breakthrough Treatments for Lung Cancer 114
96. 5.8.4 Market Overview for Lung Cancer Therapeutics 123
97. 5.9 Ovarian Cancer 123
98. 5.9.1 Overview of the Disease 124
99. 5.9.2 Treatment Options 124
100. 5.10 Prostate Cancer 132
101. 5.10.1 Overview of the Disease 132
102. 5.10.2 Treatment Options 132
104. 6. Corporate Profiles 137
105. 6.1 AstraZeneca Plc 137
106. 6.2 Biogen Idec, Inc. 138
107. 6.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb 139
108. 6.4 Genentech, Inc. 140
109. 6.5 Genta, Inc. 142
110. 6.6 Genzyme Oncology 142
111. 6.7 GlaxoSmithKline Plc 143
112. 6.8 ImClone Systems, Inc. 144
113. 6.9 Medarex 146
114. 6.10 Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 148
115. 6.11 Novartis AG 150
116. 6.12 Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 153
117. 6.13 OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 154
118. 6.14 Pfizer 155
119. 6.15 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 156
120. 6.16 Roche 157
121. 6.17 Sanofi-Aventis 161
123. 7. References 164
124. 7.1 Online References for Cancer 164
125. 7.2 Print Sources 165
126. 7.3 Product Approvals for Cancer Indications 173
129. INDEX OF TABLES
131. Table 2.1: The 646 Medicines in Development for Cancer, 2006 10
132. Table 2.2: Drug Approvals for Cancer Indications, 1996-2007 11
133. Table 3.1: Opportunities for Molecular-Targeting Therapeutics for Cancer 20
134. Table 3.2: Top U.S. Biotechnology Companies by Market Capitalization 21
135. Table 3.3: Top Pharmaceutical Companies by Market Capitalization 21
136. Table 3.4: Clinical Development for some of Hoffman-La Roche Products 22
137. Table 3.5: Global Pharmaceutical Industry R&D Spending, 1995-2006 28
138. Table 3.6: U.S. Government NIH Research Budget, 1995-2007 28
139. Table 3.7: Health Spending as Percentage of GDP by Country 29
140. Table 3.8: Spending on Health by Country 29
141. Table 3.9: Annual Spending on Cancer Drugs Per Person 29
142. Table 3.10: Patients Per Cancer Specialist 30
143. Table 3.11: World Healthcare Cancer Therapeutics Markets by Region 33
144. Table 3.12: The Projected Growth in the U.S. Market for Cancer Therapeutics, 1998-2006 34
145. Table 3.13: The Projected Growth in the European Market for Cancer Therapeutics, 1998-2006 34
146. Table 3.14: The Projected Growth in the Japanese Market for Cancer Therapeutics, 1998-2006 34
147. Table 3.15: Cancer Vaccines Approved or in Phase III Clinical Trials 49
148. Table 3.16: Anti-Angiogenic Drugs in Clinical Trial for Cancer 51
149. Table 4.1: Estimates of New Cancer Cases and Deaths in the U.S. by Sex for all Cancer Sites, 2007 56
150. Table 4.2: Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths for Ten Leading Cancer Sites in the U.S., by Sex, 2007 57
151. Table 4.3: Estimated Worldwide Number of New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Leading Cancer Sites and by Level of Economic Development, 2007 58
152. Table 4.4: Estimated Number of New Cancer Cases and Deaths by World Area, 2007 60
153. Table 4.5: Cancer Death Rates per 100,000 Population (and Rank) for all Cancer Sites by Country, 2006 61
154. Table 4.6: Genes and Cancer Risk 62
155. Table 4.7: Carcinogens in the Workplace 64
156. Table 5.1: Drugs Used in Bladder Cancer Therapy 69
157. Table 5.2: Drugs in Development for Bladder Cancer 71
158. Table 5.3: Medicines in Development for Brain Cancer 72
159. Table 5.4: Classes of Chemotherapy Drugs Used to Treat Breast Cancer 74
160. Table 5.5: U.S. Sales of Doxorubicin, 2001-2009 76
161. Table 5.6: New Therapeutics for Breast Cancer 78
162. Table 5.7: Other Classes of Drugs Used to Treat Breast Cancer 80
163. Table 5.8: Worldwide AstraZeneca's Nolvadex Sales, 2000-2005 82
164. Table 5.9: Aromatase Inhibitors 83
165. Table 5.10: Worldwide Sales Estimates for Arimidex, 2000-2008 84
166. Table 5.11: Worldwide Herceptin Sales, 1999-2005 86
167. Table 5.12: Innovative Drug Therapies applied to the Breast Cancer Market Sector 89
168. Table 5.13: Treatment Regimens for Advanced Breast Cancer 89
169. Table 5.14: Medicines in Development for Cervical Cancer 93
170. Table 5.15: New Therapies for Colon Cancer 94
171. Table 5.16: Worldwide Sales for Xeloda, 2001-2005 97
172. Table 5.17: Worldwide Sales of Tomudex, 1998-2005 97
173. Table 5.18: Medicines in Development for Leukemia 103
174. Table 5.19: Pricing of Novartis' Gleevec in Various Strengths in the U.S. 106
175. Table 5.20: Medicines in Development for Lymphoma 109
176. Table 5.21: U.S. Sales of Rituxan, 1999-2005 111
177. Table 5.22: Cytotoxics for Lung Cancer Therapy 115
178. Table 5.23: Anti-Angiogenics for Lung Cancer 115
179. Table 5.24: Drugs in Development for Lung Cancer 120
180. Table 5.25: Current Therapies for Ovarian Cancer 124
181. Table 5.26: Emerging Therapies for Ovarian Cancer 125
182. Table 5.27: New Development Therapies for Ovarian Cancer 126
183. Table 5.28: New Drug Types for Ovarian Cancer 127
184. Table 5.29: Medicines in Development for Prostate Cancer 133
185. Table 6.1: Potential Therapeutic Indications and Development Stages 146
186. Table 6.2: Products in Clinical Development in Phase II and III (Including Additional Indications) 161
187. Table 7.1: Drugs Currently Approved for the Treatment of Cancer 166