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The area of drug discovery tools is one of the newest and most important sectors of pharmaceutical research and development. The term drug discovery tools usually refers to high-content screening (HCS) and analysis and is composed of those applications that require sufficient levels of sample throughput, whereby complex cellular events and phenotypes can be studied. Elements of drug performance like toxicity and specificity can be established simultaneously using mixed cell types-primary cells, cell lines, cell subpopulations. HCS seeks to assess the impact of phenotypic and cellular changes that are brought about by gene modification (such as with RNA interference (RNAi) approaches) and/or drug (or compound) treatment. The purpose of this examination by TriMark Publications is to describe the specific segments of the global drug discovery tools market. Within this area, the report covers those segments that are highly active in terms of innovation and growth. Specifically, this study examines the markets for small lab equipment all the way up to highly automated, large automated platforms, as well as accessory equipment such as reagents, supplies and manufacturers' original equipment manufacturer (OEM) additional equipment.

1. 1. Overview 4
2. 1.1 Objectives of the Report 4
3. 1.2 Methodology 5
4. 1.3 Scope of the Report 6
5. 1.4 Executive Summary 7
7. 2. Technologies and Product Offering for HCA 10
8. 2.1 Definition of HCA and Why it is so Attractive a Discipline 11
9. 2.2 Classes of Measurements Possible with HCA Approaches and Biologies Interrogated 14
10. 2.3 Instrumentation Platforms for HCA 17
11. 2.4 Reagent and Assay Platforms for HCA 23
12. 2.5 Cell-based Screening Technologies in Drug Development 27
13. 2.5.1 Applications of Cell-based Assays 27
14. 2.5.2 Pharma Drug Discovery Paradigm and Compound Screening 27
15. 2.5.3 HCA in the Biopharmaceutical Industry 28
17. 3. Market Analysis of the High-Content Tools Space 30
18. 3.1 HCA Market Size and Growth 30
19. 3.2 Market Survey to Assess Qualitative and Quantitative Parameters of the HCA Space 30
20. 3.3 Experimental and Research Trends in HCA 32
21. 3.4 Challenges and Market Drivers in HCA 37
22. 3.4.1 Barriers to HCA 39
23. 3.4.2 Drivers of HCA 40
24. 3.5 HCA in Combination with RNAi 40
25. 3.6 Market Landscape of Instrumentation for HCA 42
26. 3.7 Reagents and Assays Usage in HCA 45
27. 3.8 Trends in HCA Assays/Reagents Space-Major Product Vendors 49
28. 3.9 Emerging Market Trends in HCA 51
29. 3.10 Market Forecasts for the HCA Space 53
30. 3.11 Use of HCS in Pharmaceutical Companies 55
31. 3.12 Qualitative Opportunities and Challenges for Market Adoption 56
33. 4. Strategic Analysis of the High-Content Tools Space 57
34. 4.1 HCA Market Structure 57
35. 4.2 Description of the Drug Discovery Marketplace and Definition of the Field 57
36. 4.3 Key Market Drivers and Challenges in the HCA Space 58
37. 4.4 Consolidated Picture of the HCA Marketplace 61
38. 4.5 HCA Market Sectors and Growth Rate 63
39. 4.6 Vendors of HCA Technology 63
41. 5. HCA Technology Platforms 64
42. 5.1 Methods of Digital Imaging 64
43. 5.2 Fluorescence Microscopy 64
44. 5.3 Major HCA Instrumentation 65
45. 5.4 HCA Reagents 66
46. 5.5 Imaging Software 66
47. 5.6 Image Analysis Algorithms 67
48. 5.7 Use of RNAi in HCA 68
49. 5.8 Industry Alliance to Leverage RNAi and HCA 68
50. 5.9 Emerging Trends in HCA Technology Platforms 69
52. 6. HCA in Drug Selection and Screening 70
53. 6.1 Stem Cells Used as a Drug Discovery Tool 71
54. 6.2 Drug Discovery Companies Marketing Cell-based Assays 71
56. 7. Company Profiles and Glossary of Terms in HCA 75
57. 7.1 Acumen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 75
58. 7.2 Applied Biosystems 75
59. 7.3 Becton, Dickinson and Company 79
60. 7.4 Beckman Coulter, Inc. 81
61. 7.5 Blueshift Biotechnologies, Inc. 86
62. 7.6 Caden Biosciences, Inc. 86
63. 7.7 Cellomics, Inc. 86
64. 7.8 Cellumen, Inc. 87
65. 7.9 Cenix BioScience 87
66. 7.10 Cyntellect 88
67. 7.11 Definiens 88
68. 7.12 DiscoveRx 88
69. 7.13 Euroscreen 89
70. 7.14 Evotec Technologies 89
71. 7.15 Fisher BioImage 89
72. 7.16 General Electric 90
73. 7.17 Guava Technologies, Inc. 91
74. 7.18 Millipore 91
75. 7.19 Molecular Devices Corporation 92
76. 7.20 NIH Chemical Genomics Center 95
77. 7.21 PerkinElmer 96
78. 7.22 Spotfire 99
79. 7.23 Translational Genomics Research Institute 99
80. 7.24 Vala Sciences, Inc. 100
82. 8. Glossary of Terms in the HCA Space 101
85. LIST OF FIGURES
87. Figure 2.1: Scope of Biological Parameters Addressed via a Typical HCA Experiment 13
88. Figure 2.2: Classes of Assays in Life Science Research and Drug Discovery Illustrating the Relationship between Cell-based Assays and HCA 14
89. Figure 2.3: New Paradigm of Drug Discovery and Development Illustrating the Central and Essential Role of Screening 16
90. Figure 2.4: Cumulative and New Drug Targets 29
91. Figure 3.1: Breakout of Market Survey Respondents by Geographical Location 30
92. Figure 3.2: Breakout of Market Survey Respondents by Affiliation-Academic, Commercial, Vendor 30
93. Figure 3.3: Segmentation of Respondent Pool based upon Usage of HCA in its Research Activities 31
94. Figure 3.4: Segmentation of the Survey Respondent Pool based upon the Length of Time they have been Using HCA in their Research Activities 31
95. Figure 3.5: Number of Parameters Studied Simultaneously in HCA Assays-Multivariate [Multi-Parameter] Analyses 33
96. Figure 3.6: Key Biological Processes Studied Utilizing HCA Tools 34
97. Figure 3.7: Breakout of HCA Assays Currently Performed or Expected to be Performed in the Future by Biological Pathway (or Target) 35
98. Figure 3.8: Breakout of HCA Experiments Performed Per Week (Distributed in our Respondent Pool) Across the Various Biological Pathways (and Targets) 35
99. Figure 3.9: Which of the Biologies (Pathways/Targets) Addressed Using HCA-based Approaches are Growing in Importance or Declining? 36
100. Figure 3.10: In Which Environment are HCA Assays Performed-Primary Screen, Secondary Screen, ADME/Tox Screen? 37
101. Figure 3.11: Key Challenges Faced by the Research Community in Their Practice of HCA 38
102. Figure 3.12: Various Drivers that are Leading the Research Community to Perform HCA 39
103. Figure 3.13: HCA Together with RNAi-Current and Future Experimental Formats 40
104. Figure 3.14: HCA Together with RNAi-Number of Experiments Performed Per Month by the Survey Respondent Pool 41
105. Figure 3.15: Growing and Steady Usage of the Various Formats where RNAi is coupled with HCA 41
106. Figure 3.16: Penetration of the Different HCA Instrumentation Platforms into the Marketplace 43
107. Figure 3.17: Instrumentation Platforms for HCA Ranked by Top Choice and Second Tier 43
108. Figure 3.18: HCA Instrumentation and where they lie on the Throughput Curve 44
109. Figure 3.19: Top Instrumentation Value Drivers in the HCA Space 45
110. Figure 3.20: Important Sub-Cellular Features Studied via HCA Approaches 46
111. Figure 3.21: Breakout of End-Point versus Kinetic Assays in the HCA Space 46
112. Figure 3.22: Types of Cellular Targets Studied Using HCA Approaches 47
113. Figure 3.23: Top-most Target Class Being Studied Utilizing HCA Approaches 47
114. Figure 3.24: Distribution of HCA Experiments across the Respondent Pool-Number of Experiments Performed Per Week 48
115. Figure 3.25: Average Reagent/Assay Costs Per HCA Experiment 48
116. Figure 3.26: Stratification of Reagent/Assay Suppliers into the HCA Space 49
117. Figure 3.27: Monthly Reagent/Assay Purchases for HCA by the End-User Community from the Various Vendors Offering Products into the Space 50
118. Figure 3.28: Growth or Decline in Importance of the Various HCA Vendors to the End-User Community 51
119. Figure 3.29: Percentage of HCA Experiments that Involve GFP across the Market Landscape 52
120. Figure 3.30: Breakout of HCA Reagents Marketplace: Home-Brew Versus Off-the-Shelf 52
121. Figure 3.31: Breakout of Spending into the Various Components of the HCA Discipline 53
122. Figure 3.32: Forecast Growth of the Total Screening Space-Broken-out by Primary Screening, Secondary Screening (Includes HCA as a Subset) and ADME/Tox 54
123. Figure 3.33: Forecast Growth of the Screening Space-Broken-out by Cell-based Assays and Biochemical Assays 55
124. Figure 4.1: Drug Discovery and Development Ensemble and the Position of the Various Segments of HCA in the Space 60
125. Figure 4.2: Relative Size and Position of the HCA Space in the Overall Scheme of the Life Science Tools Marketplace 62
126. Figure 5.1: HCA: Positional Biosensors Using Caspases and Monitoring the Translocation of a Tagged Protein from the Cytoplasm to the Nucleus 67
127. Figure 6.1: Druggability of the Various Target Classes: Breakout of the Drug Targets Today into their Constituent Classes 70
128. Figure 6.2: GPCR Assay Technologies 71
131. LIST OF TABLES
133. Table 2.1: Comparison of the Key Features of HCA and HCS 11
134. Table 2.2: Impact of HCA on Drug Discovery-Several Drivers are Addressed 12
135. Table 2.3: Biological Application Areas Associated with HCA 13
136. Table 2.4: Classes of Measurements and Targets Identified Using Phenotypic Screening (HCA) 14
137. Table 2.5: Classes of Cellular Measurements Possible with Fluorescent Protein Biosensors 15
138. Table 2.6: Multi-Parameter HCA Assays to Study Biological Systems in Life Science Research and Drug Discovery-Demonstrates the Breadth and Scalability of the HCA Approach 17
139. Table 2.7: Companies Offering Systems for High-Throughput Imaging 18
140. Table 2.8: Comparison of the Major Instrumentation Platforms and their Associated Specifications for HCA-I 19
141. Table 2.9: Comparison of the Major Instrumentation Platforms and their Associated Specifications for HCA-II 19
142. Table 2.10: Price Points and Target Markets of the Various HCA Instrument Platforms 20
143. Table 2.11: Companies Offering Flow Cytometry Products and Services 20
144. Table 2.12: Integrated Product Platforms Offered by the Different HCA Vendors 22
145. Table 2.13: Biologies interrogated by Cellomics HCA Assays 24
146. Table 2.14: Cellomics HitKit® HCA Assay/Reagent Kits and the Therapeutic Areas Where They Find Application 24
147. Table 2.15: Assay/Reagent Portfolio of Millipore Addressing HCA Applications 25
148. Table 2.16: Cell Lines for GPCR HCA that can be Deployed onto the BD Biosciences/Atto Pathway HT™ Instrument Platform 26
149. Table 2.17: Examples of High Content Screens 28
150. Table 3.1: What Fraction of HCA Assays are Cell-based Versus Biochemical-based 32
151. Table 4.1: Comparison of the Key Features of HCA and HCS 58
152. Table 4.2: Snapshot of the Various HCA Assays Demonstrating the Scalability of this Discipline 60
153. Table 5.1: Modes of Digital Imaging 64
154. Table 5.2: Modes of Fluorescence 64
155. Table 5.3: Major HCA Instrumentation 65
156. Table 5.4: Image Analysis Algorithms 67