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The area of drug discovery tools is one of the newest and most important sectors of pharmaceutical research and development. The term drug discovery tools usually refers to high-content screening (HCS) and analysis and is composed of those applications that require sufficient levels of sample throughput, whereby complex cellular events and phenotypes can be studied. Elements of drug performance like toxicity and specificity can be established simultaneously using mixed cell types-primary cells, cell lines, cell subpopulations. HCS seeks to assess the impact of phenotypic and cellular changes that are brought about by gene modification (such as with RNA interference (RNAi) approaches) and/or drug (or compound) treatment. The purpose of this examination by TriMark Publications is to describe the specific segments of the global drug discovery tools market. Within this area, the report covers those segments that are highly active in terms of innovation and growth. Specifically, this study examines the markets for small lab equipment all the way up to highly automated, large automated platforms, as well as accessory equipment such as reagents, supplies and manufacturers' original equipment manufacturer (OEM) additional equipment.

1. 1. Overview 5
2. 1.1 Objectives of the Report 5
3. 1.2 Methodology 6
4. 1.3 Scope of the Report 7
5. 1.4 Executive Summary 8
7. 2. Technologies and Product Offering for High-Content Analysis 11
8. 2.1 Definition of High-Content Analysis and Why it is so Attractive a Discipline 12
9. 2.2 Classes of Measurements Possible with High-Content Analysis Approaches and Biological Functions Investigated 15
10. 2.3 Instrumentation Platforms for High-Content Analysis 19
11. 2.3.1 High-Content Screening Technology 19
12. 2.4 Reagent and Assay Platforms for High-Content Analysis 26
13. 2.5 Cell-based Screening Technologies in Drug Development 29
14. 2.5.1 Applications of Cell-based Assays 30
15. 2.5.2 Pharma Drug Discovery Paradigm and Compound Screening 30
16. 2.5.3 High-Content Analysis in the Biopharmaceutical Industry 31
18. 3. Market Analysis of the High-Content Tools Space 33
19. 3.1 High-Content Analysis Market Size and Growth 33
20. 3.2 Market Survey to Assess Qualitative and Quantitative Parameters of the High-Content Analysis Space 33
21. 3.3 Experimental and Research Trends in High-Content Analysis 35
22. 3.4 Challenges and Market Drivers in High-Content Analysis 40
23. 3.4.1 Barriers to High-Content Analysis 42
24. 3.4.2 Drivers of High-Content Analysis 43
25. 3.5 High-Content Analysis in Combination with RNAi 43
26. 3.6 Market Landscape of Instrumentation for High-Content Analysis 45
27. 3.7 Reagent and Assay Usage in High-Content Analysis 49
28. 3.8 Trends in the High-Content Analysis Assays/Reagents Space-Major Product Vendors 52
29. 3.9 Emerging Market Trends in High-Content Analysis 54
30. 3.10 Market Forecasts for the High-Content Analysis Space 57
31. 3.11 Use of HCS in Pharmaceutical Companies 58
32. 3.12 Qualitative Opportunities and Challenges for Market Adoption 59
34. 4. Strategic Analysis of the High-Content Tools Space 60
35. 4.1 Analysis of the High-Content Market Structure 60
36. 4.2 Description of the Drug Discovery Marketplace and Definition of the Field 60
37. 4.3 Key Market Drivers and Challenges in the High-Content Analysis Space 61
38. 4.4 Consolidated Picture of the High-Content Analysis Marketplace 65
39. 4.5 High-Content Analysis Market Sectors and Growth Rate 66
40. 4.6 Vendors of High-Content Analysis Technology 66
42. 5. High-Content Analysis Technology Platforms 67
43. 5.1 Methods of Digital Imaging 67
44. 5.2 Fluorescence Microscopy 67
45. 5.3 Major High-Content Analysis Instrumentation 68
46. 5.3.1 High-Content Analysis Platforms to Support GPCR Screening 69
47. 5.4 High-Content Analysis Reagents 69
48. 5.5 Imaging Software 70
49. 5.6 Enterprise-Level IT Solutions to Support High-Content Screening Experiments 70
50. 5.6.1 Image Analysis Algorithms 71
51. 5.7 Use of RNAi in High-Content Analysis 73
52. 5.8 Industry Alliances to Leverage RNAi and High-Content Analysis 73
53. 5.9 Emerging Trends in High-Content Analysis Technology Platforms 74
55. 6. High-Content Analysis in Drug Selection, Screening and Biomarker Discovery 75
56. 6.1 Stem Cells as Tools for Drug Discovery 76
57. 6.2 Cellular Systems Biology for Development of Toxicity Panels in Drug Safety Testing 76
58. 6.3 Drug Discovery Companies Marketing Cell-based Assays 77
59. 6.4 Companies Using Cell-based Assays in Drug Discovery Programs 80
60. 6.4.1 Phenotypic Drug Discovery (PDD) 80
61. 6.4.2 Application of Quantitative High-Throughput Screening to HCA Cell-based Assays 80
62. 6.4.3 Application of High-Content Fingerprinting to Oncology Drug Discovery: Focus on in vitro and in vivo Phenocopying and Cancer Stem Cell Analysis 81
63. 6.5 Target Discovery and Validation by RNAi Screening 81
64. 6.6 FLIM-FRET Methodology 81
65. 6.7 Multidimensional Fluorescence Imaging (MDFI) Technology 81
67. 7. Company Profiles 82
68. 7.1 Acumen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 82
69. 7.2 Acumen Bioscience (division of TTP Group) 82
70. 7.3 Applied Biosystems 82
71. 7.4 BD Biosciences 84
72. 7.5 DiscoveRX 84
73. 7.6 Evotec Technologies (acquired by PerkinElmer) 84
74. 7.7 Fisher BioImage 84
75. 7.8 General Electric, GE Healthcare 85
76. 7.9 Guava Technologies (now a division of Millipore) 85
77. 7.10 Integral Molecular (Akceli Inc.) 86
78. 7.11 LemnaTech GmbH 86
79. 7.12 Millipore 86
80. 7.13 Molecular Devices Corporation, now a division of MDS Analytical Techniques 88
81. 7.14 NIH Chemical Genomics Center 90
82. 7.15 PerkinElmer 91
83. 7.16 Sangamo Biosciences, Inc. 93
84. 7.17 Spotfire (acquired by TIBCO) 93
85. 7.18 Thermo Scientific Cellomics 94
86. 7.19 Translational Genomics Research Institute 94
87. 7.20 Vala Sciences, Inc. 94
89. 8. Glossary of Terms in the High-Content Analysis Space 96
92. LIST OF FIGURES
94. Figure 2.1: Scope of Biological Parameters Addressed via a Typical High-Content Analysis Experiment 14
95. Figure 2.2: Classes of Assays in Life Science Research and Drug Discovery Illustrating the Relationship between Cell-based Assays and High-Content Analysis 15
96. Figure 2.3: New Paradigm for Drug Discovery and Development Illustrating the Central and Essential Role of Screening 17
97. Figure 2.4: Cumulative Known and New Drug Targets 32
98. Figure 3.1: Breakout of Market Survey Respondents by Geographical Location 33
99. Figure 3.2: Breakout of Market Survey Respondents by Affiliation-Academic, Commercial, Vendor 33
100. Figure 3.3: Segmentation of Respondent Pool Based upon Usage of High-Content Analysis in its Research Activities 34
101. Figure 3.4: Segmentation of the Survey Respondent Pool Based upon the Length of Time they have been Using High-Content Analysis in Their Research Activities 34
102. Figure 3.5: Number of Parameters Studied Simultaneously in High-Content Analysis Assays-Multivariate (Multi-Parameter) Analyses 36
103. Figure 3.6: Key Biological Processes Studied Utilizing High-Content Analysis Tools 37
104. Figure 3.7: Breakout of High-Content Analysis Assays Currently Performed or Expected to be Performed in the Future by Biological Pathway (or Target) 38
105. Figure 3.8: Breakout of High-Content Analysis Experiments Performed Per Week (Distributed in our Respondent Pool) Across the Various Biological Pathways (and Targets) 38
106. Figure 3.9: Which of the Biological Processes (Pathways/Targets) Addressed Using High-Content Analysis-based Approaches are Growing in Importance and which are Declining? 39
107. Figure 3.10: In Which Environment are High-Content Analysis Assays Performed-Primary Screen, Secondary Screen, ADME/Tox Screen? 40
108. Figure 3.11: Key Challenges Faced by the Research Community in its Practice of High-Content Analysis 41
109. Figure 3.12: Various Drivers Leading the Research Community to Perform High-Content Analysis 42
110. Figure 3.13: HCA with RNAi-Current and Future Experimental Formats 44
111. Figure 3.14: HCA with RNAi-Number of Experiments Performed Per Month by the Survey Respondent Pool 44
112. Figure 3.15: Growing and Steady Usage of Various Formats where RNAi is coupled with HCA 45
113. Figure 3.16: Penetration of the Different High-Content Analysis Instrumentation Platforms into the Marketplace 46
114. Figure 3.17: Instrumentation Platforms for High-Content Analysis Ranked by Top Choice and Second Tier 47
115. Figure 3.18: High-Content Analysis Instrumentation and where they Lie on the Throughput Curve 48
116. Figure 3.19: Top Instrumentation Value Drivers in the High-Content Analysis Space 48
117. Figure 3.20: Important Sub-Cellular Features Studied via High-Content Analysis Approaches 49
118. Figure 3.21: Breakout of End-Point Versus Kinetic Assays in the High-Content Analysis Space 50
119. Figure 3.22: Types of Cellular Targets Studied Using High-Content Analysis Approaches 50
120. Figure 3.23: Top-most Target Class Studied Utilizing High-Content Analysis Approaches 51
121. Figure 3.24: Distribution of High-Content Analysis Experiments across the Respondent Pool-Number of Experiments Performed Per Week 51
122. Figure 3.25: Average Reagent/Assay Costs Per High-Content Analysis Experiment 52
123. Figure 3.26: Stratification of Reagent/Assay Suppliers into the High-Content Analysis Space 53
124. Figure 3.27: Monthly Reagent/Assay Purchases for High-Content Analysis by the End-user Community from Various Vendors 53
125. Figure 3.28: Growth or Decline in Importance of the Various High-Content Analysis Vendors to the End-user Community 54
126. Figure 3.29: Percentage of High-Content Analysis Experiments that Involve GFP across the Market Landscape 55
127. Figure 3.30: Breakout of High-Content Analysis Reagents Marketplace: Made-in-House Versus Off-the-Shelf 55
128. Figure 3.31: Breakout of Spending on Various Components of the High-Content Analysis Discipline 56
129. Figure 3.32: Historic/Forecast Growth of the Total Screening Space, Broken-out by Primary Screening, Secondary Screening (including High-Content Analysis as a Subset) and ADME/Tox, for 2004-2010 57
130. Figure 3.33: Historic/Forecast Growth of the Screening Space-Broken-out by Cell-based Assays and Biochemical Assays, 2004-2010 58
131. Figure 4.1: Drug Discovery and Development Ensemble and the Position of the Various Segments of High-Content Analysis in the Space 63
132. Figure 4.2: Relative Size and Position of the High-Content Analysis Space in the Overall Scheme of the Life Science Tools Marketplace 66
133. Figure 5.1: High-Content Analysis-Positional Biosensors Using Caspases and Monitoring the Translocation of a Tagged Protein from the Cytoplasm to the Nucleus 71
134. Figure 6.1: HCA Target Classes: Breakout of Current Drug Targets into Their Constituent Classes 75
135. Figure 6.2: GPCR Assay Technologies 76
138. LIST OF TABLES
140. Table 2.1: Comparison of the Key Features of High-Content Analysis and High-Throughput Screening 13
141. Table 2.2: Impact of High-Content Analysis on Drug Discovery-Impact of Several Drivers 13
142. Table 2.3: Biological Application Areas Associated with High-Content Analysis 14
143. Table 2.4: Classes of Measurements and Targets Identified Using Phenotypic Screening (High-Content Analysis) 15
144. Table 2.5: Classes of Cellular Measurements Possible with Fluorescent Protein Biosensors 16
145. Table 2.6: Multi-Parameter High-Content Analysis Assays to Study Biological Systems in Life Science Research and Drug Discovery, Demonstrating the Breadth and Scalability of the High-Content Analysis Approach 18
146. Table 2.7: Companies Offering Systems for High-Throughput Imaging 20
147. Table 2.8: Comparison of the Major Instrumentation Platforms and Their Associated Specifications for High-Content Analysis-I 21
148. Table 2.9: Comparison of the Major Instrumentation Platforms and Their Associated Specifications for High-Content Analysis-II 21
149. Table 2.10: Price Points and Target Markets of the Various High-Content Analysis Instrument Platforms 22
150. Table 2.11: Companies Offering Flow Cytometry Products and Services 23
151. Table 2.12: Integrated Product Platforms Offered by the Different High-Content Analysis Vendors 25
152. Table 2.13: High-Content Analysis Assays Developed by Thermo Scientific Cellomics 26
153. Table 2.14: Thermo Scientific Cellomics HCS Reagent Kits (formerly called "HitKits") and Their Therapeutic Areas of Application 27
154. Table 2.15: Millipore's HCA Assay/Reagent Portfolio 28
155. Table 2.16: Cell Lines for GPCR High-Content Analysis that can be Deployed onto the BD Biosciences/Atto Pathway HT™ Instrument Platform 28
156. Table 2.17: Examples of High-Content Screens 31
157. Table 3.1: What Fraction of High-Content Analysis Assays are Cell-based Versus Biochemical-based 35
158. Table 4.1: Comparison of the Key Features of High-Content Analysis and High-Content Screening 61
159. Table 4.2: Snapshot of the Various HCA Assays, Demonstrating the Scalability of this Discipline 64
160. Table 5.1: Modes of Digital Imaging 67
161. Table 5.2: Modes of Fluorescence Microscopy 67
162. Table 5.3: Major High-Content Analysis Instrumentation 68
163. Table 5.4: Image Analysis Algorithms 71